Bear River First Nation (population: 300) is a Míkmaq First Nation located in both Annapolis County and Digby County, Nova Scotia. It is also known as Muin Sipi.[1] The Mi'kmaq population is approximately 100 on-Reserve, and approximately 200 off-Reserve.[2]
The Bear River First Nation is composed of three parts as shown, of which the largest is regularly occupied:[1]
Community | Area | Location | Date established |
---|---|---|---|
Bear River 6 | 633.8 hectares (1,566 acres) | 17.6 km. southeast of Digby | March 3, 1820 |
Bear River 6A | 31.2 hectares (77 acres) | 9.6 km. southeast of Annapolis Royal | March 3, 1938 |
Bear River 6B | 24.3 hectares (60 acres) | 6.4 km. southeast of Annapolis Royal | October 1, 1962 |
Bear River First Nation lies adjacent to the village of Bear River, Nova Scotia. It has a church, Saint Anne's, completed in 1836, and a school which serves Grades P to 8.[3] The Mi'kmaq language is taught to children attending the school.[4] A health centre was established in 1998.[5]
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Archaeological evidence suggests the community has existed in the area for 2,000 to 4,000 years. It lies in the ancient District of Kespukwitk, a part of the Mi'kmaq nation.[6][7] The people of Bear River would have been the group that welcomed Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons, Samuel de Champlain and others who settled at Port-Royal in 1605.[8] The sakmow, or chief, was Henri Membertou who befriended the French. The area around Port-Royal was the traditional summering site of Membertou's people.[9]
The community were known as canoe builders who used their craft for fishing and hunting porpoise, in the Annapolis Basin and Bay of Fundy. Oil rendered from the porpoise was sold as a machine lubricant into the early part of the twentieth century.[10][11]
Each summer the Bear River First Nation Heritage & Cultural Centre offers authentic cultural immersion in the life and traditions of the Mi’kmaq, featuring hands-on craft-making workshops.[12] Local resident and former Chief of the Bear River First Nation, Frank Meuse Jr. also offers retreats in the backcountry.[13]